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Showing posts with label Operating System. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Operating System. Show all posts

Window XP

07:14 | Labels:


History and introduction of Windows 2000 Operating System

Windows XP is an OS introduced by Microsoft, which is pooled with astonishing features for use on personal computers including laptops, home PC, business desktop and media centers. In this operating system, the term XP is symbolized for eXPerience. With its characteristics like, digital media transfer easier and system problem recovery, this OS was prepared for both small business and home users. Moreover, it ensures a better security for users with its two versions of History and Service Pack 2.

This version of Microsoft is a consumer oriented OS, which is successor to both Windows 2000 and Windows Me. It is built on the Windows NT Kemel and architecture.

History Of Window XP

Plans for Window XP were initiated, during the development of Windows 2000.

In early 1999, the codenames Odyssey (for the business release) and Neptune (for the home release) were planned. However, with the integration of Neptune and Odyssey in the Windows 2000 and Windows Me, both the codenames were scrapped.

In early 2000, new codename Whistler was born, which led to invention of Windows XP. With the introduction of in build 2250, visual enhancements, cool watercolor theme (new start panel, this OS started gaining reorganization. Microsoft also introduced personal Firewall (In build 2257), which was a quite handy tool in the final release of XP.

Beta 1 was released on October 31, 2000, Beta 1 as a testers with the integration of instant messaging technology and media player.

However, in January 2001, Whistler build 2410 was introduced. It includes the combination of Windows Media Player and Windows Messenger. Development of new, fancier icon sets is initiated, which slowly renovates into the Windows XP.

Beta 2 with new Linux interface was introduced in February 2001.

With many improvements and releases, the most popular version of Windows, namely XP was released on October 25, 2001 in New York City.

Further Developments Of Operating System

Windows Vista released on November 8, 2006, , succeeded Windows XP. With this newest introduction, the sales of Windows XP ceased on June 30, 2008. But, XP through its System Builders continues to be available. Several new versions were released by XP till the end the end of September 2010. With a 51.7% market share, this OS is considered as the most widely used operating system in the world

Furthermore, in January 2007, Win XP touched the peak with 76.1% users.


Windows XP Versions

  • Embedded: It is a component version of the Windows XP Professional, which is considered as a Windows XP Starter Edition.
  • Home Edition (1 CPU): It was released in October 2001and is targeted at home users.
  • Professional Edition (2 CPU): It was introduced in October 2001, and incorporates extra features like support for two physical processorsand Windows Server domains. It is developed with the main goal to target the power users, business and enterprise clients.
  • Media Center (1 CPU): It was released in November 2002 with addition of extra multimedia features including enhanced recording ability, view DVD movies, watch TV shows and listen to music.
  • Tablet PC Edition: It was developed in November 2002 to run stylus applications built using the Tablet PC platform.
  • Server Edition (4 CPU)
  • Advanced Server (8 CPU), also 64-bit Intel CPUs: It was officially announced in April 2003 and was published in April 2005.
  • Microsoft Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (July 2007)
The Win XP can also be run on an Apple Macintosh computer as a sub-process and for your personal computer at least 512 MB of RAM, is required to run it.
In addition to this, Windows XP OS is available in many languages and even with the use of MUI packs and Language Interface Packs, the translating feature is available for certain languages.

Windows XP Versions

  • Fast switching
  • Fast start up
  • Network assistant with FireWire, and Bluetooth
  • Support for DSL modems and IEEE 802.11 connections
  • User-friendly interface featuring the framework for developing themes for the desktop environment
  • Remote Desktop functionality
  • Windows Media Player
  • Improved text readability

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Windows Vista

07:12 | Labels:


Windows Vista:

Windows Vista is an operating system developed by Microsoft. It was earlier known as Longhorn (codename) and on January 22, 2005, it was officially named as Vista. It is an upgraded version of Microsoft Windows XP and Window 2000. This newest version is created to provide overall a better experience to users. This OS can be used on personal computers, laptops, business desktops and tablet PCs

The development of Win Vista was completed on November 8, 2006.

It was made available for download from Microsoft's website and for purchase on January 30, 2007 worldwide.

Furthermore, Windows 7, released to manufacture on July 22, 2009 succeeded it.

Vista primarily aims to improve communication level between home network computers, by simplifying the way of exchanging files and media between computers and devices.

Win Vista Editions

  • Window Vista boasts of eight editions that have been separated into two sets i.e. Home and Business.
  • Windows Vista Ultimate: It contains all advanced features of business OS and digital entertainment features, focused on consumers.
  • Windows Vista Enterprise: It has been prepared for all the highly complex IT infrastructures and it meets need of large global organizations.
  • Windows Vista Business: It is created to meet needs of small and medium-sized businesses.
  • Windows Vista Home Premium: E-mailing, web surfing, track your household expenses, multimedia needs and many more facilities are covered under this Operating System for a satisfactory computing experience,.
  • Windows Vista Home Basic: It is for the users with basic computing needs and provides security, reliability and usability to home PC. This OS is designed for people intended for budget users with low needs.
  • Windows Vista Starter: This version of OS is designed for developing countries.
  • The "N" version: This software which is mainly for developing and small companies will have no media player.. You will have to download media player.

Features Of Windows Vista Operating System

  • Self-healing helps you to remove and edit errors that may occur on the computer.
  • Shadow copy assists you to recover deleted files
  • Enhanced photo gallery
  • Window Sidebar is used for adding endless number of gadgets
  • Support for DirectX 10
  • More parental control
  • Explorer windows for instant search
  • Improved Windows Calendar
  • Windows Mobile Center
  • File backup and restore
  • Window system assessment tool
  • Windows Media Player 11
  • Windows DVD Maker
  • Games Explorer

Vista Requirements

  • Require 800 MHz Intel-compatible processor
  • 512MB RAM and 20GB disk space
  • Standard Sound card for sound capability
  • DirectX 9.0 compatible video card
  • Standard Microsoft Keyboard and Mouse

Security

Vista is designed with a main goal to ensure improved security. So, numerous security features have been added in this OS.
  • User Account Control (UAC): It will allow users to use their PCs with less privilege by default. Regular use of the computer (surfing internet, running programs and printing) will not affect UAC prompts. Moreover, Symantec Corporation testing has proved the efficiency of UAC.
  • Phishing filter is a new safety and security feature included in Internet Explore 7.
  • ActiveX control is another security feature, which disabled by default.
  • Windows Defender, which is integrated into Windows is Microsoft's anti-spyware product. It provides security against malware and other threats.
  • BitLocker Drive Encryption is included in the Ultimate and Enterprise editions of Vista, for protecting entire volumes. It can work with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) cryptoprocessor (version 1.2) fitted in the computer's motherboard.
  • For reducing the malware efforts, Obfuscation techniques like address space layout randomization have been introduced in Vista.
  • With new filtering support for incoming and outgoing traffic, “Window Firewall” has been upgraded in this software.

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Posted by Unknown

Windows 2000

07:11 | Labels:


History and introduction of Windows 2000 Operating System

Window2000, which is one of the most enticing and well endowed versions of Microsoft’s operating system, was introduced on 17th February 2000, with the main objective to run on business desktops, laptops, personal computers and servers. This incredible operating system is a successor to Windows NT4.0. Your system requires to have at least 64 MB of RAM to run this OS.


Windows 2000 was introduced by the family of Microsoft OS as a replacement of Windows NT. This version was originally named as Windows NT 5.0 then Window NT2000 and on October 1988, it was changed to Windows 2000.

Although, all Windows versions are released with code names like Windows 2000 Service Pack 1 (Asteroid) and Windows 2000 64-bit (Janus), Window2000 is the first version without a code name.

In September 1997, first beta for Window 2000 was released.

On April 29, 1999, beta 3 was out.

Between July and November 1988, three candidates were issued by Microsoft and finally on December 12, 1999, the operating system (to partners) released.

On 17 February 2000, the full version of Windows 2000 was available, so public could buy it.

It was planned that both Window 98 and Window NT4.0 would be replaced by Windows 2000 after the latter’s introduction. However, with the introduction of updated version of Windows 98 i.e. Windows 98 Second Edition (in 1999) and Windows Me (in late 2000) close to the release of Windows 2000 Service Pack 1, this replacement did not happen.

On September 29, 2000, Windows 2000 Datacenter Server with support for 32 processors was released by Microsoft, which targeted at large-scale computing systems.

Window 2000 editions

This OS is grouped into 4 divisions such as:
  • Professional: It is a replacement for Windows NT Workstation, which is used as client computer. It supports RAM of up to 4GB and up to two Pentium 133 processors.
  • Server: It has wide usages for print, web, application and file servers and support RAM up to 4GB and up to four processors.
  • Advanced Server: It is functional as an SQL server and with a support of up to 8GB of RAM and up to eight processors used in an enterprise network framework.
  • Datacenter Server: With RAM of up to 32GB and up to 32 processors, it is used in an enterprise network to support real time processing and extremely large databases.

Features Of Window 2000

  • Plug and play support
  • Support up to 10 displays simultaneously
  • Power-management
  • Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) support
  • Extensible Authentication Protocol support
  • Internet Explorer version 5 with XML support and Outlook Express version 5
  • FAT32 support and EFS (Encrypting File System) support
  • DVD support with auto-play and DVD movie
  • Internet Connection Sharing
  • Supports over 4000 printers, 700 network devices, 4200 modems, 55 scanners, 50 cameras, and a vast array of other hardware devices
  • IntelliMirror that supports auto rebuild of machines, mobile users and other features
  • Effortless device installation
  • Smart card support
  • Microsoft Connection Manager Administration Kit (CMAK) and Connection Point Services

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MAC OS

07:10 | Labels:


MAC OS

History and introduction of MAC Operating System

Apple is a leading American multinational corporation, which is well-known for its creation of Macintosh Operating System. Mac OS is advanced OS developed in 1984, which is immensely popular for its graphical user interface.

In the early years of the Macintosh, efforts were made by Apple to make users find it easy to use and to distinguish it from other operating systems. During this stage, system software was actually stored in ROM. As a result, Apple dealers provided its updates, free of charge on floppy disk. As a result, the requirement for storing advanced GUI OS in the ROM was eliminated with its mounting disk storage capacity and performance.

Some of the advanced applications added in this operating system are audio and video editing, professional graphic, Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, MacWrite, 3D games and so on. Even, wide choice of browsers is offered with this application software, which includes Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, iCab and Netscape.

History Of Apple OS

Mac was introduced starting with System 3.0. It officially uses the filesystem HFS without any different between uppercase and lowercase letters.

The integrated MultiFinder was found in the System 5.0.

In 1988, the first version namely System 6 was introduced in the market. It required RAM of 1MB that can be extended up to 8MB and hard disks up to 2 GByte with 65,536 files. It includes applications like multi Finder, MacWrite II, WriteNow and Microsoft Word 4.0.

System 7 appeared in May 1991. It needed minimum of 2 MB RAM. It had a direct support for networks with AppleScript used as scripting language, for file exchange and display of colors

System 7.5 was available in 1994 with a requirement of at least four MB RAM.

With the release of System 7.6 in 1997, Apple changed the name of this OS to Mac OS.

Versions Of Mac OS

  • The Mac OS Classic family: It is a graphical OS, which is well recognized for its user-friendly interface and multitasking feature. Some of its drawbacks are lack of protected memory, limited memory management and susceptibility to conflicts among extensions. This extension creates trouble while loading in a particular order and results as a time-consuming process. It contains structured data such as graphics, sounds, menu definitions or code segments; data forks including the text of a document, the bitmaps of an image file and many more.
  • The Mac OS X: This new Apple OS is officially designed as simply "version 10" of the Mac OS. It is a successor to "classic" Mac OS and Mac OS 9. It is a Mac OS 9 based on the NeXTSTEP and makes use of the BSD code base.
Earlier, Mac OS X was criticized because of its difficult interface and lack of certain features like scanners, tablets and printers. Due to which the users of classic Mac OS, do not prefer buying the new version of Apple. However, by 2005, maximum users were running Mac OS X and only a small group of users was still running the classic Mac OS.

Star Trek

In 1992, Apple started work on Star Trek with the main objective to run version of MacOS on Intel-compatible X 86 personal computers. Novell, Inc. initiated this project.

68000 emulation

The project on Star Trek was never released. With the effort of emulators, such as vMac, Basilisk II, and Executor, the classic Mac OS started running on Intel-based PCs. It was limited to 68000 series of processors and for this PowerPC processor was required. Apart from these requirements, a Mac ROM image or a hardware interface with a real Mac ROM chip was also required for operating this software. It offered excellent performance that improved exponentially as modern x86 processors.

PowerPC emulation

Development of PowerPC support was difficult at the time of 68000-emulator, where wide performance overhead of an emulated PowerPC architecture vs. a real PowerPC based Mac.

A/UX

UNIX is the first OS released by Apple in 1988. It is an A/UX OS, which has the same feel and look of Mac OS. Due to much development in UNIX market, it did not prove to be much competitive.

MAE

Apple Computer introduced a software package namely Macintosh Application Environment (MAE) in 1994 to run Apple Macintosh application software.

MKLinux

It is an open source computer Operating System, announced at the 1996 World Wide Developers Conference (WWDC). From February 1996 to 1998, the OSF Research Institute and Apple Computer initiated it to port Linux to the PowerPC platform.

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